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|population_estimate = 206,831,371a |population_estimate_year = 2012 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |GDP_PPP = $US 3,110.538 billion |GDP_PPP_year = 2013 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $US 14,356.84 |GDP_nominal = |GDP_nominal_year = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.764 |HDI_ref = |footnote_a = Combined census estimates of member states. }} The Pacific Pumas are a political and economic grouping of countries along Latin America’s Pacific coast that includes Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The term references the four larger Pacific Latin American emerging markets that share common trends of positive growth, stable macroeconomic foundations, improved governance and an openness to global integration. The term was coined by political economist Samuel George〔Donnan, Shawn. “Pacific Alliance captures zeitgeist in era of ‘mega’ trade agreements”. Financial Times, 2014-04-1.〕 in 2012, and developed in a 2014 study authored by George and published by the Bertelsmann Foundation entitled ''The Pacific Pumas: An Emerging Model for Emerging Markets''.〔George, Samuel. “The Pacific Pumas: An Emerging Model for Emerging Markets”. Bertelsmann Foundation, 2014-03-12.〕 ==Overview== The Puma, a new-world cat found along Latin America's Pacific Coast is “rapid, agile, intelligent, independent, and strong” qualities attributed the Chilean, Colombian, Mexican, and Peruvian economies in the 21st century.〔Bhojwani, Deekpak. “The elephant and the pumas: India and the Pacific Alliance” The New Indian Express, 2013-05-21〕 The term was coined to emphasize that quietly and efficiently, Pacific Pumas have distinguished themselves from other large Latin American emerging markets in terms of economic growth and stability, commitment to democracy, and global integration. The name references the Four Asian Tigers of the 1990s whose successes the Pumas wish to emulate,〔Pardo, Pablo. "Los pumas ganan a los jaguares". Diario Las Américas. 2014-04-14.〕 and just like the Tigers, the Pumas adopted a model based on macroeconomic stability and global integration, with a particular focus on East Asia.〔Freitas, Andrea and Lucianne Carneiro. "Mercosul pode rever estratégia com avanço da Aliança do Pacífico." O Globo. 2014-07-07.〕 The term also suggests that the model of economic development and democratic governance adopted by the Pumas could be a model for global emerging markets more broadly.〔“La Alianza del Pacífico es modelo para países emergentes, según estudio". El País. 2014-03-14.〕 In a Wall Street Journal feature, journalist Mary Anastasia O'Grady described the development model of the Pumas, in terms of a focus on openness, currency stability, fiscal restraint, and competition as "doing the heavy lifting" to ensure economic success.〔O'Grady, Mary Anastasia. "Latin America's Pacific Pumas". The Wall Street Journal. 2012-12-30.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Pacific Pumas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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